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Severe Thunderstorms: Formation, Causes, and Dangers

Understanding Severe Thunderstorms

Severe thunderstorms are characterized by their intensity and potential to cause significant damage. They occur worldwide, with an estimated 2,000 active at any given moment.

Causes of Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms form when warm, moist air rises rapidly in the atmosphere. As it rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. The updrafts and downdrafts within these clouds create friction, which generates electrical charges. These charges accumulate and eventually discharge as lightning.

Types of Severe Thunderstorms

Severe thunderstorms are classified based on their specific characteristics:

Hail-Producing Thunderstorms

These storms produce hail, which is frozen raindrops that can range in size from peas to softballs.

Wind-Producing Thunderstorms

These storms produce strong winds that can exceed 100 mph, causing widespread damage.

Dangers of Severe Thunderstorms

Severe thunderstorms can pose several hazards, including:

Lightning

Lightning is a powerful electrical discharge that can strike people, buildings, and other objects.

High Winds

High winds can topple trees, damage buildings, and create hazardous driving conditions.

Hail

Hail can cause damage to vehicles, crops, and property.

Flooding

Heavy rainfall from severe thunderstorms can lead to flooding, which can damage homes and infrastructure.

Staying Safe During Severe Thunderstorms

If you are caught in a severe thunderstorm, follow these safety tips:

• Seek shelter in a sturdy building or vehicle.
• Stay away from windows and doors.
• Unplug electrical appliances and avoid using telephones.
• Listen to local weather reports for updates.
• Stay informed about severe thunderstorm warnings and watches.

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